Otolaryngology is generally referred to as Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT). It is the branch of surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of related issues in ear, nose, throat, head and neck disorders. Hearing and balance disorders or smell and taste issues are a part of otolaryngologic complications. The treatment of these issues is rectified by ENT Specialists. ENT Surgeons also treat the patients with conditions that affect their voice, respiratory and swallowing. The head and neck tumors with the skull base and interface are a new addition to the Otolaryngology. ENT surgeons treat individuals of all ages from new-born babies to old individuals.

Children cannot always say what is bothering them. Neither they can always answer medical questions. Pediatric otolaryngology deals with the ENT conditions of children. The age limit that comes under this category is from a newborn child to a high school student. The focus of a Pediatric Otolaryngologist is to Diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders, and head and neck diseases. Surgery of the head and neck, including before and after-surgery care also a part of pediatric care. These professionals are deeply devoted to their restorative practice to make pediatric care sophisticated. Their uniqueness in practice comes from the idea of medical and surgical care of children is learned from advanced training.

Otolaryngologists evaluated that snoring occurs in 3% to 12% of children and up to 59% of adults. Snoring is related to obstructive rest apnea (OSA). OSA is a sleep disorder and it causes shallow or may even stop breathing in sleep. There are many kinds of sleep apnea, yet the major affecting apnea is obstructive sleep apnea. The significant reasons for OSA are obesity, narrowed airway, Hypertension, and chronic nasal congestion. The most well-known type of surgery, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is an effective solution for OSA.

The navigation systems utilized in ENT surgery must have dependable precision inside which the instrument tip area can be seen on the monitoring screen. ENT surgeries become more reliable and sophisticated by this new technique. Balloon Sinus Dilation System, Malleable Suction Instruments and Patient chase for Image-Guided Surgery come under ENT Surgical Navigation. special instruments used for ENT Surgery can also be navigated by this ENT surgical navigation system.

Neurotology is considered as a section of clinical medicine which studies and treats neurological disorders of the ear. It is a subspecialty of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, and also closely related to neurology and neurosurgery. The medication of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss comes under the sector of Otology, whereas neurotology refers to the treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders. Advanced techniques of imaging, operative, and radiation management show that the effective treatment of Neurotology. The recent developments are standard audiometry (pure tone and bone), electrical phenomenon testing and speech audiometry.

Myringotomy is a distinctive surgical procedure to make a hole in the eardrum. It is generally paired with the inclusion of a tympanostomy tube, a tiny tube that is placed in the recently created hole in the eardrum, which allows infected material to discard from the middle ear. The process is performed by an otolaryngologist or ENT Surgeon. The surgery might be performed just on one ear if the middle ear issue is available just on one ear or on both ears if necessary. The surgery is most frequently performed on children under five years of age but may also be performed on older children and adults. The procedure is a temporary solution, yet can be repeated if necessary, as the ear tubes eventually fall out.

Head and neck cancer include those of the mouth, throat, sinuses/nasal cavity, larynx, thyroid, and skull base. Some head and neck tumors are malignant, while others are benign. Malignant tumors must be treated promptly to reduce their chances of spreading (metastasizing) to other organs. Benign tumors are not cancerous but It can increase the pressure in the head and neck. It can be serious if they impact nerves and are therefore often removed surgically.

An Anesthetist faces a lot of challenges in the Head and Neck Surgery. The challenges acquaint with airway obstruction or make intubation difficult or impossible. It is very crucial to maintain a safe airway when access to the patient's head may be restricted and it should be adaptable about airway management during surgery, especially in nose and throat procedures. Surgeons may obstruct or uproot airway equipment. The potential for infection of the airway needs to be observed. Whenever an airway problem is recognized intraoperatively, the priority is to solve that issue for the smoother operative procedure.

Laryngology is a branch of medicine which deals with the disorder of the larynx. All the larynx related disorders can be caused by strain or injury to the vocal cords through the misuse of the voice. Treatment for this condition of the larynx and vocal cords are highly individual, contingent upon your age, condition, and profession. It is a subspecialty of otolaryngology. A laryngologist is an ENT specialist with a special interest related to airway, voice, and swallowing disorder involving the voice box and the throat. Rhinology is the subspecialty of medicine focused on the treatment of disease and disorder of nasal depression and sinuses which incorporate allergies, the problem with taste and smell, nose bleeds, OSA and sinusitis.

The degree of conditions that otolaryngologists analyze and treat are broadly changed and can include the entire face, lips, nose, ears, and neck. Facial plastic surgery is a segment of otolaryngology that is isolated into two classifications cosmetic and reconstructive. Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed for patients with congenital anomalies, for example, skin pigmentations on the face, cleft lip and palate, protruding ears, and a crooked smile. Different conditions like accidents, injury, burns, or surgery are additionally remedied with this sort of medical procedure. Moreover, this system is required to treat existing diseases like skin cancer. Cosmetic facial plastic surgery is performed to improve the visual appearance of facial highlights and structures. The common procedure incorporates as eye lifts, rhinoplasty, facelifts, jaw and cheek inserts, liposuction, and techniques to reduce facial wrinkles. An otolaryngologist must be very much prepared to approach all these problems.

ENT implants and devices, which are used for the diagnosis, therapy or surgical treatments related to ear, nose, and throat. It helps to rectify the problems related to hearing, smelling, speaking and snoring. Otolaryngologists use many innovative implants and devices for the treatments, such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone-anchored hearing aid, auditory brain stem implant, bone conduction, electric acoustic stimulation.

Nasal disorder surgeries are commonly done by otolaryngologists to correct the deviated septum, improve breathing and sinus drainage, alteration of shapes and removing the affected parts of the nose with the help of ENT devices and navigation system. Obstructive sleep apnea is also treated by nasal surgery and it improves sleep quality. Septoplasty, turbinoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery, balloon sinuplasty are the different surgical procedure is used by the ENT surgeon.

In ENT rehabilitation  provides a  Speech & language therapy to improve in speaking and (VRT) Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy focus to progress balance and also to minimize the experience of dizziness, improve patients stability however in motion, increase coordination, reduces falls and anxiety. It is difficult to provide a general outline of the VRT exercises because they are designed individually to and prescribed for each patient. Most of these exercises comprise movements of the head and body to help your brain and to compensate from the inaccurate information they are receiving from their inner ear, and thus regain mechanism over their balance.

Nosebleed, well-known as epistaxis, is the common form of bleeding from the nose. It is usually seen when the blood drains out through the nostrils. Nosebleeds are most often initiated by local trauma but can also be caused by bacteria, nasal or sinus infections, and sustained inhalation of dry air. Nosebleeds can be dramatic and terrifying. Fortunately, most epistaxis is not severe and can be managed at household, although sometimes medical treatment may be essential. Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can arise up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye. Clotted and fresh blood can also flow down into the stomach and cause nausea and vomiting.